Overburden

Overburden is the material that lies above the area of economic or scientific interest (in mining and archaeology) e.g., the rock, soil and ecosystem that lies above the coal seam or ore body. It is also known as 'waste'. Overburden is distinct from tailings, the material that remains after economically valuable components have been extracted from the generally finely milled ore. Overburden is removed during surface mining, but is typically not contaminated with toxic components and may be used to restore an exhausted mining site to a semblance of its appearance before mining began. Overburden may also be used as a term to describe all soil and ancillary material above the bedrock horizon in a given area.

A related term is interburden, meaning material that lies between two areas of economic interest, such as the material separating coal seams within strata.

By analogy, overburden is also used to describe the soil and other material that lies above a specific geologic feature, such as a buried astrobleme.

From http://en.wikipedia.org/